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轉(zhuǎn)換比率:金額 X 10=金幣數(shù)量, 例100元=1000金幣 | 論文字?jǐn)?shù):19300 | ![]() | |
折扣與優(yōu)惠:團(tuán)購最低可5折優(yōu)惠 - 了解詳情 | 論文格式:Word格式(*.doc) | ![]() |
摘要:機(jī)器人是一種應(yīng)用廣泛的高度靈活的自動化機(jī)器。輪式機(jī)器人的自主避障問題和路徑規(guī)劃技術(shù)是其研究的重要領(lǐng)域。 本課題研究了AS-RMⅡ輪式機(jī)器人的軟、硬件系統(tǒng),包括它的傳感系統(tǒng)和設(shè)備編程控制方法;在此基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步研究機(jī)器人的自主避障算法,該算法采用基于四周的PSD傳感器實(shí)時獲取障礙物距離并設(shè)置優(yōu)先級,以此決定下一步運(yùn)動策略,同時引入了線程方法,使得機(jī)器人可以獨(dú)立完整地完成一系列自主避障的動作,達(dá)到了預(yù)期的避障效果;本課題還研究了路徑規(guī)劃算法,分析了已有算法的不足,給出了基于改進(jìn)遺傳算法的機(jī)器人路徑規(guī)劃算法。該算法對個體的編碼方案和基本遺傳操作等進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),并引入插入算法將路徑點(diǎn)完善成一條連續(xù)無碰的路徑。在總體流程上,仍然采用種群初始化、計算適應(yīng)值、選擇、交叉、變異等基本動作進(jìn)行路徑規(guī)劃。 在AS-RMⅡ輪式機(jī)器人程序類庫的基礎(chǔ)上,本文完成了一種可行的機(jī)器人自主避障和路徑規(guī)劃的方案,并最終通過編程實(shí)現(xiàn)了預(yù)期的功能。仿真實(shí)驗結(jié)果表明,本方法可以獲得最優(yōu)或較優(yōu)解,達(dá)到了預(yù)期的效果。 關(guān)鍵詞:輪式機(jī)器人,自主避障,路徑規(guī)劃
Abstract:Robot is widely used as a highly flexible automated machine. Obstacle avoidance and motion planning are important areas of wheeled robot researching. The hardware system and software system of AS-RMⅡrobot are discussed firstly, including the sensor system and device programming controlling method. Then approach of obstacle avoidance based on PSD sensors around is discussed, the sensors can real-time get the message of environment and then choose the motion strategy. Thread is introduced to finish the work of obstacle avoidance independently and completely, achieved the intended target. Motion planning based on genetic algorithm is also discussed. Individual coding programming and details of basic genetic operators are improved and insert algorithm is introduced to make the path continuously and have no barriers. The whole process of motion planning still consists of individuals initialization, calculating the fitness, selection operator, crossover operator and mutation operator. A possible program of obstacle avoidance and motion planning is integrated based on the class library of AS-RMⅡ wheeled robot. The target is achieved by the programming. Computer simulations show the algorithm is a correct and efficient motion planning method. Key words: wheeled robot, obstacle avoidance, motion planning
本課題以AS-RMⅡ輪式機(jī)器人為研究平臺,在該機(jī)器人軟硬件系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上,編程實(shí)現(xiàn)基本的運(yùn)動控制;根據(jù)已有的研究成果和系統(tǒng)資源,通過研究、整合并設(shè)計出一套基于線程的利用PSD紅外傳感器獲取環(huán)境信息的自主避障方案并編程實(shí)現(xiàn)。然后在基于經(jīng)典遺傳算法的路徑規(guī)劃算法基礎(chǔ)上,對于個體的編碼方案和遺傳操作中的交叉等操作進(jìn)行改進(jìn),特別針對路徑規(guī)劃問題的特點(diǎn)引入插入算法,以將路徑點(diǎn)完善成一條連續(xù)無碰的路徑。本課題側(cè)重于研究輪式機(jī)器人運(yùn)動控制的編程實(shí)現(xiàn),以提高自己的編程能力以及解決實(shí)際問題的能力。在研究過程中,對于文獻(xiàn)的查找、閱讀、翻譯能力也將會得到訓(xùn)練。
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