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摘要:無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)路集成了傳感器、嵌入式計(jì)算、網(wǎng)絡(luò)和無(wú)線(xiàn)通信四大技術(shù)，是一種無(wú)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的新型無(wú)線(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，能夠?qū)崟r(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)、感知和采集監(jiān)測(cè)對(duì)象的各種信息，并將處理后的信息傳輸至用戶(hù)手中。無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)在環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)、軍事戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、空間探索以及商業(yè)生活中具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景，引起了學(xué)術(shù)界和工業(yè)界的高度重視。 本文以此為切入點(diǎn)，對(duì)無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的媒體訪(fǎng)問(wèn)控制（Medium Access Control，MAC）進(jìn)行研究和設(shè)計(jì)。因?yàn)闊o(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)量龐大，單個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)能量十分有限，因此MAC協(xié)議設(shè)計(jì)的首要目標(biāo)是降低節(jié)點(diǎn)能耗，延長(zhǎng)生命周期，并保證傳輸質(zhì)量。在比較中外各種協(xié)議后，作者對(duì)基于時(shí)分復(fù)用（TDMA）的DMAC協(xié)議進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)和仿真。 無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的傳輸方式主要是多個(gè)感知節(jié)點(diǎn)向匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)發(fā)送消息，所有傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)消息，形成以感知節(jié)點(diǎn)為葉子節(jié)點(diǎn)，以匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)為根節(jié)點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)匯集樹(shù)。針對(duì)這種網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)采用DMAC協(xié)議的交錯(cuò)調(diào)度機(jī)制來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)消息的時(shí)分復(fù)用傳輸，控制節(jié)點(diǎn)的休眠和活動(dòng)狀態(tài)，從而降低節(jié)點(diǎn)能耗。 作者選擇OMNeT++為仿真平臺(tái)，對(duì)基于時(shí)分復(fù)用的DMAC協(xié)議進(jìn)行仿真，并對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析，證明了此協(xié)議確實(shí)能夠達(dá)到無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)MAC協(xié)議設(shè)計(jì)要求。 關(guān)鍵字：無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò) 媒體介入控制協(xié)議 時(shí)分復(fù)用
Abstract:The Wireless Sensor Network（WSN） is integrated with techniques of Sensor , Embedded computing , Network and Wireless Transmission. It is a new wireless network without base facilities and can be used to real-time monitoring , apperceiving and collecting information from the objects ,then transmit the information to the user. Wireless sensor network in environmental monitoring, military war, space exploration, and commercial life has wide application prospects, attracted the attention of the academia and industry. Based on this starting point of wireless sensor network, the paper is researching and designing the Media Access Control （MAC） .Because of WSN has huge number of nodes whose energy is very limited, so therefore MAC protocol designing’s main goal is to reduce node energy consumption and prolong life cycle, at the same time ensure transmission quality. Absorbing other protocols’ merits, the author is designing and simulating the DMAC protocol based on TDMA（Time Division Multiple Access）. WSN transmission is mainly from perception node to the sink node, shaping a data collection tree. Based on the network structure, using scheduling mechanism of DMAC to control node dormant and activities, thus reduce nodes state power consumption. The authors choose the OMNeT++ IDE as the simulation platform to simulate the DMAC protocol based on TDMA. Then analysing the results, proving this protocol can actually reach MAC protocol design requirements. Key Words ：WSN DMAC TDMA OMNeT++
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