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摘 要:光在實(shí)際生活中應(yīng)用廣泛，根據(jù)波長(zhǎng)的不同作為不同信息的傳遞載體。在光學(xué)理論中，測(cè)量光波波長(zhǎng)的常見(jiàn)方法有雙棱鏡干涉、透射光柵、邁克爾遜干涉儀等方法。本文從雙棱鏡干涉、透射光柵、邁克爾遜干涉儀三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。在邁克爾遜干涉中系統(tǒng)地說(shuō)明了非定域干涉和定域干涉，測(cè)定分析激光、鈉燈光譜的波長(zhǎng)，并用逐差法與平均值法處理實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，得出在此類間隔數(shù)據(jù)中應(yīng)用逐差法處理可以有效的減小誤差。在雙棱鏡干涉中應(yīng)用了常用的二次成像法測(cè)量波長(zhǎng)，分析指出此方法的缺陷及相對(duì)誤差較大的原因，并以此為基礎(chǔ)，通過(guò)數(shù)學(xué)論證和推理應(yīng)用，結(jié)合實(shí)際拓展出二次共軛法測(cè)量光波波長(zhǎng)，對(duì)比二次成像法它有效的提高了測(cè)量精度，減小了相對(duì)誤差，二者有相似與差異的地方，在二次共軛法較明顯的是值的不同算法。在透射光柵測(cè)量中從特殊的垂直入射角到一般的任意角入射應(yīng)用，以光柵衍射方程為理論依據(jù)，討論了在任意入射角方式下，如何利用光柵和分光計(jì)對(duì)光波波長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行測(cè)量并同時(shí)能得到未知入射角的值；在透射光柵實(shí)驗(yàn)中還通過(guò)分析和推導(dǎo)，得出符合透射光柵存在最小偏向角條件時(shí)的計(jì)算公式，通過(guò)利用最小偏向角測(cè)量汞燈和鈉光燈的光譜波長(zhǎng)，與其它實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較，得出此方法具有誤差小，精度高、操作簡(jiǎn)易可行的特點(diǎn)，可在今后的實(shí)驗(yàn)中加以應(yīng)用。 關(guān)鍵詞：邁克爾遜干涉；雙棱鏡干涉；透射光柵；光波波長(zhǎng)
ABSTRACT:Light is widely used in real life, according to the different wavelengths as different information transmission carrier. In optical theory, measuring wavelength of the common method has double prism interference, diffraction grating, Michelson interferometer techniques. This article from double prism interference, diffraction grating, Michelson interferometer three has been investigated. In Michelson interference systematically explains the fixed domain interference and fixed domain interference, determination of laser, sodium lamp spectrum analysis, and the wavelengths through "gradual deduction method and average method, it is concluded that process experiment data in such interval data application processing through" gradual deduction method can effectively reduce the error. In double prism application of commonly used interference measuring wavelength secondary imaging method, analyzes the defects and the method that the relative error larger reason, and based on this, through the mathematical reasoning and reasoning, and combining with actual expand the application of secondary conjugate method for measuring wavelength, contrast second imaging method it effective improve the measuring precision, reducing the relative error, both have similar and difference in second place of conjugate method, the obvious different algorithm is worth(). In the measurement of the diffraction grating from special vertical Angle to the general arbitrary incident angle. The application to grating diffraction equation as the theory basis, discussed the incident in any way, how to utilize the grating and spectrometers for wavelength and also can be measured Angle value; unknown In the diffraction grating experiment also obtained through analysis and derivation, with minimum bias existing diffraction grating conditions when calculating formula of horns(), through utilizing the smallest deflection Angle measuring mercury lamp and sodium light spectral wavelength, compared with other experimental results, it is concluded that this method has a small error, high precision, simple operation feasible characteristics, in the future to applications of the experiment. Keywords: Michelson interference; Double prism interference; Diffraction grating; Wavelength |
