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摘要:PID控制問世至今已有近70年歷史，它以其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、穩(wěn)定性好、工作可靠、調(diào)整方便而成為工業(yè)控制的主要技術(shù)之一。當被控對象的結(jié)構(gòu)和參數(shù)不能完全掌握，或得不到精確的數(shù)學模型時，控制理論的其它技術(shù)難以采用時，系統(tǒng)控制器的結(jié)構(gòu)和參數(shù)必須依靠經(jīng)驗和現(xiàn)場調(diào)試來確定，這時應用PID控制技術(shù)最為方便。即當我們不完全了解一個系統(tǒng)和被控對象﹐或不能通過有效的測量手段來獲得系統(tǒng)參數(shù)時，最適合用PID控制技術(shù)。 PID控制，實際中也有PI和PD控制。PID控制就是根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的誤差，利用比例、積分、微分計算出控制量進行控制的。 目前PID控制在工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)中無處不見，隨著控制效果的要求不斷提高，PID逐漸向智能化發(fā)展，但形形色色“時髦”的現(xiàn)代控制理論中的PID最終還是源自經(jīng)典PID理論。 為什么PID應用如此廣泛、又長久不衰？是因為PID解決了自動控制理論所要解決的最基本問題，既系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性、快速性和準確性。調(diào)節(jié)PID的參數(shù)，可實現(xiàn)在系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定的前提下，兼顧系統(tǒng)的帶載能力和抗擾能力，同時，在PID調(diào)節(jié)器中引入積分項，系統(tǒng)增加了一個零積點，使之成為一階或一階以上的系統(tǒng)，這樣系統(tǒng)階躍響應的穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差就為零。 關鍵詞 PID參數(shù)；PID控制器；PID控制；參數(shù)自整定；仿真
Abstract: The advent of PID control has been nearly 70 years of history, with its simple structure, good stability, reliable, easy to adjust and become one of the main technology of industrial control. When the structure and parameters of the controlled object can not fully grasp, or the lack of a precise mathematical model, control theory is difficult to use other techniques, the system controller structure and parameters must rely on experience and on-site commissioning to determine, when the application PID control is most convenient. That is, when we do not fully understand a system and the controlled object, or can not be an effective means of measurement to obtain the system parameters, the most suitable PID control. PID control, in practice there are PI and PD control. PID control is based on the error of the system, using a proportional, integral, differential control amount is calculated for the control.Currently PID control in industrial control systems have been witnessed, with the effect of increasing demands control, PID gradually to the development of intelligent, but all kinds of "fashionable" modern control theory ultimately derived from the classic PID PID theory.Why PID application is so wide and long-lasting? PID solution is due to the automatic control theory to solve the fundamental problem, both the stability, speed and accuracy. Adjust the PID parameters can be realized in the system is stable under the premise of both systems with the capacity and anti-interference ability, meanwhile, was introduced in the PID regulator integral term, the system adds a zero plot points, making an order or an order of more than one system, so the system step response of the steady-state error is zero. Keywords PID parameters PID controller PID control parameter auto-tuning step Simulation |
