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摘要 隨著我國經(jīng)濟的快速增長,人民生活水平穩(wěn)步提高,中國的能源消耗強度也明顯增長,資源環(huán)境約束和經(jīng)濟快速增長的矛盾,已成為中國未來經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的嚴峻挑戰(zhàn)。因而,從我國現(xiàn)實和長遠利益考慮,必須加強建設(shè)資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型社會,特別是對于我國電力行業(yè)來說,節(jié)能降損工作顯得尤為重要。由于我國的電力部門長期重發(fā)電、輕供電、忽略配電網(wǎng)的重要性和特殊性,導(dǎo)致配網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)薄弱,中低壓配電網(wǎng)損耗嚴重。10kV 配電網(wǎng)是我國電網(wǎng)中規(guī)模最大,涉及面積最廣的部分,其末端直接與用戶相連,敏銳的反映用戶在安全、優(yōu)質(zhì)、經(jīng)濟等方面的要求,已成為電力系統(tǒng)供電能力、電能質(zhì)量、供電可靠性等重要指標(biāo)的最終體現(xiàn)。但是,10kV 配電網(wǎng)存在許多問題,如網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu)薄弱、設(shè)備老化、無功補償不足、電網(wǎng)運行管理落后等諸多因素,造成配電網(wǎng)損耗過大,與世界主要工業(yè)國家相比存在較大的差距。因此,節(jié)能降損在我國10kV 配電網(wǎng)中大有可為。而進行網(wǎng)損分析的最基本方法，就是配網(wǎng)的潮流計算。潮流計算是電力系統(tǒng)分析中的一種最基本的計算，它的任務(wù)是對給定的運行條件確定系統(tǒng)的運行狀態(tài)，如各母線上的電壓、網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的功率分布及公路損耗等。本文分別介紹簡單的系統(tǒng)和復(fù)雜度系統(tǒng)潮流計算的方法以及計算配電網(wǎng)潮流的前推回代法程序；利用潮流計算結(jié)果分析網(wǎng)損組成；對給定實際配電網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)分析不同類型負荷對網(wǎng)損的貢獻。 關(guān)鍵詞：節(jié)能降損，配電網(wǎng)網(wǎng)損，潮流計算
Abstract With the rapid economic growth of China, people’s living standard improves steadily, in the meanwhile the amount of energy consumption boosts dramatically, the conflict between the limitation of energy shortage and the fast speed of economic growth has become a serious challenge to the development of Chinese economy in the future. Therefore, in consideration of the reality of our country and the long term interest, our government should build a resource -saving and environment –friendly society, especially for power sector in our country, energy saving and loss reduction become increasingly important. However, the electric utilities in our country are focus on generating electricity and pay less attention to power supply as well as neglect the importance and distinctiveness of distribution network, which leads to severe power loss in distribution system and the weakness of distribution network system’s foundation. 10kV power distribution network, the end of which connect to consumers directly, accounts for the largest proportion in Chinese power grid. This network reflects the consumers’ demands of safety and economy, and has become the most important indicator of the capacity of electric power supply, the quality of electricity and the service ability. But at the same time, there are many problems in 10kV power distribution network such as the weak network configuration, the aged equipment, the shortage of reactive power compensation and the out-dated management styles, these problems lead to the great loss in distribution network, which means our quality of electricity has great disparity compare to developed countries.the basic method for this is load flow calculation. Load flow calculation is a basic calculation in Power System Analysis. Its task is to determine the systematic operation state based on the operation conditions such as the voltage on each bus, power distribution in network and power loss. This article introduces load flow calculation about simple system and complex system respectively, and the backward forward sweep method in calculating the distribution power flow; analyzing the loss composition using the calculated results; analyzing the contribution of different types of load to power loss using the given data of distribution network. Keyword：Falling Energy Loss , Distribution network loss , Flow calculation
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