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| 折扣與優(yōu)惠：團(tuán)購最低可5折優(yōu)惠 - 了解詳情 | 論文格式：Word格式(*.doc) |  |
摘要：以甲醛和苯酚為原料，以NaOH為催化劑，制備出可發(fā)性酚醛樹脂。研究了堿催化法合成酚醛樹脂過程中原料配比、反應(yīng)時(shí)間和反應(yīng)溫度對(duì)可發(fā)性酚醛樹脂性能的影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)較優(yōu)的參數(shù)選擇應(yīng)是苯酚/甲醛（摩爾質(zhì)量）為1:1.6，反應(yīng)溫度為90~96℃，反應(yīng)時(shí)間為1~2h。探討了發(fā)泡劑和表面活性劑對(duì)發(fā)泡過程的影響，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)較優(yōu)的發(fā)泡劑為三氟三氯乙烷，表面活性劑為吐溫-80。通過酚醛樹脂固化過程中的溫度-時(shí)間變化曲線研究了樹脂的反應(yīng)活性，從而確定了發(fā)泡時(shí)的最佳溫度為140~150℃，最佳發(fā)泡時(shí)間為6~8min。用制得的阻燃酚醛泡沫塑料進(jìn)行了氧指數(shù)、垂直燃燒的性能測試。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其氧指數(shù)在30~31%，垂直燃燒為FV-1級(jí)。利用熱重分析儀器對(duì)酚醛泡沫塑料熱分解特性進(jìn)行了研究，體系為500℃時(shí)成炭率在60%以上。錐形量熱分析可知苯酚/甲醛（摩爾質(zhì)量）為1:2.0的酚醛泡沫塑料的阻燃性能較好。 關(guān)鍵詞：酚醛樹脂；酚醛泡沫塑料；阻燃性；微波發(fā)泡
Abstract：The phenolic resin was successfully synthesized with formaldehyde and phenol as raw material, NaOH as the catalyst.The influence of raw materials ratio, reactive time and temperature of base catalysis method on the properties of phenolic resin was studied. The optimal technological factors were raw materials ratio (Phenol/Formaldehyde) of 1:1.6, reactive temperature of 90~96℃ and reactive time of 1~2h.The effects of foaming agent and surfactant were studied. The optimal foaming agent is trifluorotrichloroethane and the optimal surfactant is twain-80. The reactive activity of phenolic foam was studied by the curve of temperature to time in the curing procedure of phenolic resin. We found that the reactive technological for foaming was140~150℃ and the reactive time for foaming was 6~8min. Then I test flame retardant performance of the flame retardant phenolic foam plastics, such as the LOI value, the UL-94 rating test. Study found that the LOI value is 30~31% and the UL-94 rating is FV-1 rating. The thermal decomposition of the phenolic resin was studied by thermo gravimetric analysis, when the temperature is 500℃ we found that the carbon rate is above 60%.The flame retardant performance of the flame retardant phenolic foam plastics was also studied by Cone calorimeter analysis,we found that (Phenol/Formaldehyde) of 1:2.0 was better than others. Key words：phenolic resin;phenolic foam plastics; flame retardance；microwave foaming
本實(shí)驗(yàn)較為系統(tǒng)地研究了微波發(fā)泡酚醛樹脂的制備過程，得到以下結(jié)論： (1)．酚醛樹脂合成的最佳P/F的配方是1:1.6，PA/工業(yè)甲醛的最佳比例也是1.6:1。合成 時(shí)的最佳溫度在96~100℃之間，最佳時(shí)間為1~2h。 (2)．結(jié)合各個(gè)配方所制備出來的樹脂的物理性能測試結(jié)果可以看出用于發(fā)泡的最佳酚醛樹脂的固含量在80%左右，其最佳粘度在6000~7000mPa·s之間。對(duì)于發(fā)泡時(shí)所用試劑的研究表明，發(fā)泡時(shí)所選用的最佳發(fā)泡劑是三氟三氯乙烷，最佳的表面活性劑是吐溫-80。由之前凝膠時(shí)間的測定得出最佳發(fā)泡溫度在140~150℃，最佳發(fā)泡時(shí)間為6~8min。 (3)．由酚醛泡沫塑料的阻燃性能的測試結(jié)果，可以知道其垂直燃燒性能級(jí)別為FV-1級(jí)，氧指數(shù)在30~31%之間。說明其阻燃性能良好，擁有一定的阻燃性，但是與實(shí)際現(xiàn)有的酚醛泡沫塑料的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)性能相比還有欠缺。由酚醛泡沫熱失重分析看出P/F為1:1.9的樣品失重少，殘留多，阻燃性較好些。其他式樣失重相對(duì)較大些，但是總體的阻燃性良好。樣品基本都是在550℃左右時(shí)處于最高的失重速率，說明低于該溫度下時(shí)酚醛樹脂基本不燃燒。
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