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摘要 換流器是高壓直流系統(tǒng)中的核心裝置，換流器對(duì)系統(tǒng)的正常運(yùn)行起到?jīng)Q定性作用因此其保護(hù)在直流保護(hù)組最為重要，深入研究換流器保護(hù)的合理配置和原理，可提高直流輸電系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的可靠性、可用率和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。 本文詳細(xì)分析換流器故障的機(jī)理和故障過(guò)程，從機(jī)理上分析了高壓直流系統(tǒng)中整流器閥短路故障、直流側(cè)對(duì)地短路、交流側(cè)相間短路、誤開通故障、不開通故障和換相失敗等常見(jiàn)故障的故障機(jī)理過(guò)程，指出了上述故障的特征及其對(duì)直流系統(tǒng)正常運(yùn)行的影響。 主要是重點(diǎn)通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)與掌握PSCAD/EMTDC 的使用方法，進(jìn)行了一系列針對(duì)各種故障仿真，分析仿真結(jié)果，驗(yàn)證故障過(guò)程，增加對(duì)故障的了解。 接著從原理上研究了換流器保護(hù)系統(tǒng)中的各個(gè)功能，包括閥短路、換相失敗保護(hù)、交流過(guò)電壓保護(hù)、直流過(guò)壓保護(hù)、不正常觸發(fā)保護(hù)、后備直流過(guò)流保護(hù)、大角度監(jiān)視和閥直流差動(dòng)保護(hù)等。 最后通過(guò)對(duì)天生橋換流站發(fā)生的測(cè)量故障進(jìn)行深入分析，暴露出直流保護(hù)系統(tǒng)所存在的問(wèn)題，并針對(duì)存在的問(wèn)題提出了防范措施。通過(guò)采取這些防范措施，一方面可以提高直流系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的可靠性，減少不必要的閉鎖事件，另一方面可以提高直流系統(tǒng)的可用率，減少經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。 關(guān)鍵字：故障類型,PSCAD/EMTDC 故障仿真,保護(hù)原理,保護(hù)系統(tǒng),動(dòng)作判據(jù)
Abstract The converter is a high voltage DC system in the core device, a converter on the normal operation of the system has played a decisive role in the protection of DC protection group is most important, in-depth study of converter protection reasonable configuration and principle of DC transmission system, can improve the running reliability, availability and economic benefits. This paper presents a detailed analysis of converter fault mechanism and fault process, from the mechanism analysis of high voltage DC system rectifier valve fault, DC side short circuit to ground, the AC side of inter phase short circuit fault, error, do not open the open fault and commutation failure of fault mechanism, pointed out that the fault characteristics and its to influence the normal operation of DC system. The main focus is through the study and master the use of PSCAD/EMTDC method, undertook a series of to all kinds of fault simulation, the analysis of simulation results, verify the failure process, increase understanding of fault. Then from the principle of converter protection system in various functions, including the valve short circuit, commutation failure protection, AC over voltage protection, DC overvoltage protection, abnormal triggering protection, backup DC over current protection, large angle monitoring and valve direct current differential protection. By the end of the Tianshengqiao converter station the measurement fault analysis, reveals the DC protection system existing problems, and put forward some preventive measures. By taking these measures, one can improve the reliability of DC power supply system, reducing unnecessary locking event, on the other hand, can improve the availability ratio of DC system, reduce economic loss. Keyword : fault type; PSCAD/EMTDC fault simulation, protection philosophies,protection systems, dectection principles
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