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摘要:電梯是一個(gè)具有特種容載裝置的轎廂沿著恒定不變的鉛錘導(dǎo)軌，在不同水平面間，做間歇運(yùn)動(dòng)的用電力驅(qū)動(dòng)的起重機(jī)械。1889年12月，美國(guó)奧的斯電梯公司制造出了名副其實(shí)的電梯，它采用直流電動(dòng)機(jī)為動(dòng)力，通過(guò)蝸輪減速器帶動(dòng)卷筒上纏繞的繩索，懸掛并升降轎廂。1892年，美國(guó)奧的斯公司開(kāi)始采用按鈕操縱裝置，取代傳統(tǒng)的轎廂內(nèi)拉動(dòng)繩索的操縱方式，為操縱方式現(xiàn)代化開(kāi)了先河。從此以后，電梯這個(gè)產(chǎn)品，一直在日新月異地發(fā)展著。隨著電子工業(yè)的發(fā)展，可編程序控制器和電子計(jì)算機(jī)成功地應(yīng)用到電梯的電氣控制系統(tǒng)中去后，電梯產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和運(yùn)行效果顯著提高。 電梯曳引機(jī)是電梯的電力驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的主要組成部件，其設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量和強(qiáng)度將直接影響電梯的使用壽命和運(yùn)行的可靠性。控制系統(tǒng)是電梯安全、快捷運(yùn)行的一個(gè)重要保證。本課題主要從以下幾個(gè)方面對(duì)五層電梯的曳引機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)與電梯控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行研究： ?。?）五層電梯曳引機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)部分設(shè)計(jì)。主要完成曳引機(jī)主傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，其中包括總裝配、變速箱及各個(gè)零件的設(shè)計(jì)；渦輪、蝸桿、各個(gè)軸的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算與選擇；軸系零件配合精度的計(jì)算。 ?。?）五層電梯控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。基于三菱FX2N為核心的可編程控制器（PLC）的電梯控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中主要完成控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)、軟件設(shè)計(jì)、系統(tǒng)工作流程分析、主要部分功能梯形圖分析。采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)，充分利用PLC 中的各種指令優(yōu)化程序，縮短PLC程序掃描時(shí)間，保證電梯的精度。 ?。?）運(yùn)用AutoCAD繪制曳引機(jī)裝配圖、主要零部件圖及其結(jié)構(gòu)零件圖。 （4）PLC程序編寫(xiě)。 通過(guò)以上內(nèi)容的設(shè)計(jì)研究學(xué)到了電梯工作的原理，保證了部件間的配合。在設(shè)計(jì)中除使用傳統(tǒng)方法外，應(yīng)用了CAD繪圖、三菱FX2N編程。在有限的時(shí)間里圓滿完成了五層電梯曳引機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)與控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，取得了比較滿意的效果，達(dá)到了預(yù)期的設(shè)計(jì)意圖。對(duì)電梯的研究及發(fā)展有很好的利用價(jià)值。 關(guān)鍵詞:電梯；電梯曳引機(jī)；曳引機(jī)主傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)；PLC；電梯控制
Abstract: The elevator is a special bearing device for car along a constant vertical guide rails, in different level, make intermittent motion driven by electricity hoisting machinery. In 1889 December, the United States Otis Elevator Co made be worthy of the name of the elevator, it uses the DC motor as the driving force, through the worm gear speed reducer drives the winding on the reel rope, hanging and lifting car. In 1892, the United States of America Otis companies began to use a button control device, replacing the traditional car pull rope manipulation, manipulation of modern precedent. Since then, the product has been in the elevator, developing day by day with. With the development of electronic industry, programmable controller and computer successfully applied to elevator electrical control system to go after, elevator product quality and running effect is improved obviously. Elevator tractors elevator electric drive system is the main components, and its design quality and strength will directly affect the service life of the elevator and the operation reliability of. The elevator control system is safe, efficient operation of an important guarantee. This subject mainly from the following aspects of the five layers of elevator traction machine structure and the design of control system are studied: (1) The five layers of elevator tractors structure parts design. Main complete traction machine Lord transmission mechanism design calculation, including general assembly, gearbox and various parts of the design; Each shaft turbine, worm, strength calculation and selection; Axis with the calculation precision parts. (2) Five elevator control system design. Based on FX2N Mitsubishi as the core of the programmable controller (PLC) of elevator control system design, the design process control system mainly complete hardware design, software design, system work flow analysis, major part function ladder diagram analysis. Modular design makes full use of PLC in various instructions optimization program, shorten PLC program scanning time, and ensure the precision of the elevator. (3) Use AutoCAD draw traction machine assembly drawing, main parts drawing and its structure drawing. Through the above design part of the calculation and check a watch, determine the selection of standard, using AutoCAD drawing; make a design more perfect and intuitive. (4) PLC programming and debugging. Through the above content design research learned the elevator work principle; ensure the cooperation among the components. In the design of the traditional method used in addition to, the application of CAD was drawing, Mitsubishi FX2N programming. In the limited time the successful completion of the five layers of elevator tractors structure and control system design, has obtained the satisfactory effect, achieve the expected design intent. The research and development of elevator has very good use value. Keywords：Elevator; Elevator tractors; Traction machine Lord Transmission mechanism; PLC; Elevator control.
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