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【摘要】大多數(shù)固體物理教材，對布洛赫電子半經(jīng)典模型的闡述，存在一些有爭議的概念。如“速度算符”、“波包模型”﹑對運動學方程的理解等。本文逐一指出這些問題。首先量子力學沒有速度概念，也沒有唯一的速度算符，但是可以利用一些定義來求速度的平均值，而速度算符的說法是不妥的；此外，德布羅意波包因為色散而變形，不能用以表示布洛赫電子；最后，對于布洛赫電子運動學方程，也指出在外場作用下原初量子化圖像被破壞時它的運用限制。 【關(guān)鍵詞】布洛赫電子;半經(jīng)典模型;“速度算符”;波包;運動學方程
[Abstract] In the most textbooks of Solidstate Physics, there are several incorrect concepts on the semiclassical model of Bloch electrons. Such as: “velocity operator”、 “wave packet model”、and explanation of kinetic equation, which are pointed out one by one. Firstly, there is no velocity concept in Quantum Mechanics and no unique velocity operator, but gotten the expectation values by different definitions; Secondly, the wave packet with distortion is not the representation of Bloch electrons. Finally, the limitation of the kinetic equation in the electromagnetic fields is expressed. [Key words] Bloch electrons; Semiclassical model; “Velocity operator”; Wave packet model; Kinetics equation. |
