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摘 要:氧氣頂吹轉(zhuǎn)爐煉鋼是用純氧從轉(zhuǎn)爐的頂部吹煉鐵水成鋼的一種煉鋼方法。從20世紀(jì)50年代投入生產(chǎn)以后，在世界各國各得到了廣泛的推廣，漸漸取代了平爐煉鋼法和轉(zhuǎn)爐煉鋼法。它始建于歐洲奧地利的林茨（Linz）和多納維茨（Donawiz），所以在國際上也叫做LD煉鋼法，氧氣頂吹轉(zhuǎn)爐煉鋼法的主要原料是鐵水，其余部分為廢鋼或者球團(tuán)礦。通過氧槍從轉(zhuǎn)爐熔池上面垂直向下吹入含氧量為99.5%的高壓純氧。通過化學(xué)反應(yīng)除去鐵水中的有害元素，如磷、硅、錳等，還可以通過造渣來進(jìn)行脫硫和脫磷。里面各種氧化反應(yīng)所產(chǎn)生的熱量還可以用來加熱轉(zhuǎn)爐中的液態(tài)金屬，使里面的鋼水達(dá)到事先規(guī)定的溫度。 氧氣頂吹轉(zhuǎn)爐煉鋼法冶煉一爐鋼的的吹煉時(shí)間一般為17分鐘左右，總的冶煉時(shí)間即出鋼時(shí)間為30分鐘到45分鐘之間。 這次設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容中包括爐體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、托圈及其耳軸的設(shè)計(jì)。氧氣頂吹轉(zhuǎn)爐爐型采用倒截錐型，托圈采用兩擋板將其卡在爐體上，擋板上下加加強(qiáng)筋，以此提高擋板的強(qiáng)度。耳軸和托圈采用銷固定，防止其左右滑動(dòng)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、維修方便。 關(guān)鍵詞：頂吹轉(zhuǎn)爐 鐵水 純氧 氧槍 吹煉
Abstract:Top-blown oxygen converter steel-making is a steel-making method from the top blowing molten iron into steel converter with pure oxygen. Since the nineteen fifties into production, in different countries around the world have been widely promoted, gradually replaced the open-hearth and converter steelmaking. It was founded in Europe in Austria, Linz Donawitz (Linz) and (Donawiz), so in the world called the LD process, the main raw material of oxygen top-blown converter steelmaking is molten iron, the rest for scrap or pellets. Through the oxygen lance of converter molten pool vertically downward from top blowing oxygen in hyperbaric oxygen 99.5%. Through the chemical reaction to remove harmful elements in the hot metal, such as phosphorus, silicon, manganese, but also through the slag for desulphurization and dephosphorization. The various oxidation reaction inside the heat can also be used to liquid metal heat of converter, the molten steel reaches the specified temperature. Top-blown oxygen converter steelmaking blowing time of smelting furnace of steel for the general 17 minutes or so, the total smelting time is tapping time was 30 minutes to 45 minutes. The design content includes furnace body structure design, support design and trunnion ring. Oxygen top-blown converter using an inverted truncated cone type, supporting ring with two baffle the card in the furnace body, baffle on the stiffener, to increase the intensity of the baffle. The trunnion and the supporting ring adopts a pin fixed, prevent the sliding around. This kind of simple structure, convenient repair. Keywords：Top-blown converter iron melt pure oxygen blowing |
