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摘 要:升沉補(bǔ)償系統(tǒng)作為海洋浮式鉆井平臺的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備之一, 海洋鉆井所采用的半潛式鉆井平臺和鉆井浮船由于波浪的作用將產(chǎn)生周期性的升沉運(yùn)動,并使鉆柱上下往復(fù)運(yùn)動引起井底鉆壓的變化,甚至使鉆頭脫離井底影響鉆進(jìn)的效率,降低鉆頭和鉆桿壽命,產(chǎn)生操作的安全隱患,在惡劣天氣下甚至導(dǎo)致無法鉆進(jìn)和被迫停工,造成了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。為此，要保證正常鉆進(jìn)，提高鉆井效率，就需要升沉補(bǔ)償系統(tǒng)對升沉進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償，以減少鉆桿柱和隔水管系統(tǒng)與海底的相對運(yùn)動，并保持恒定的張力載荷。本文通一套被動式升沉補(bǔ)償系統(tǒng)有效地解決了在海洋鉆井的過程中鉆柱隨海浪上下運(yùn)動而降低鉆井效率的問題。在海洋鉆井的過程中只要控制鉆壓變化在10%的范圍內(nèi)，則鉆井效率就不會發(fā)生劇烈的變化。此次設(shè)計一個升沉補(bǔ)償裝置，包括液壓缸、上下框架、氣瓶、空氣壓縮機(jī)、蓄能器等裝置把鉆壓的變化量控制在總鉆壓的10%以內(nèi)，從而提高鉆井的效率。這種升沉補(bǔ)償系統(tǒng)不僅能夠減少等候天氣的時間，提高鉆井效率和安全性，而且能夠延長鉆井設(shè)備的使用壽命。因此，加大力度研發(fā)擁有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的海洋浮式鉆井平臺升沉補(bǔ)償系統(tǒng),對我國進(jìn)入海洋更深層次的勘探開發(fā)意義重大。 關(guān)鍵詞：海洋鉆井平臺 鉆壓 被動式 升沉補(bǔ)償系統(tǒng) 鉆井效率
ABSTRACT:The rising and falling compensation system took one of sea floating type oil drilling platform essential equipment, the offshore drilling uses partly dives the type oil drilling platform and the well drilling pontoon because the wave function will have the periodic rising and falling movement, and will cause to drill about the column the reciprocal motion to cause the bottom of the well bit pressure change, even will cause the drill bit to be separated from the efficiency which the bottom of the well influence will sneak in, will reduce the drill bit and the drill rod life, will have the operation security hidden danger, even caused under the heavy weather to be unable to sneak in and to be compelled to shut down, has created the huge economic loss.Therefore, must guarantee sneaks in normally, enhances the well drilling efficiency, needs to rise and fall the compensation system to carry on the compensation to rising and falling, reduces the drilling string and the marine riser system and the seabed relative motion, and maintains the constant tensity load.This article passed a set of passive form rising and falling compensation system to solve effectively has drilled the column in the offshore drilling process the vertical motion to reduce the well drilling efficiency along with the ocean waves the question.In offshore drilling process so long as control bit pressure change in 10% scope, then the well drilling efficiency cannot have the fierce change.This time designs a rising and falling compensation system, including hydraulic cylinder, about installments and so on frame, air bottle, air compressor, accumulator bit pressure change quantity control in total bit pressure 10%, thus enhances the well drilling the efficiency.Not only this kind of rising and falling compensation system can reduce waits for the weather the time, enhances the well drilling efficiency and the security, moreover can lengthen the well drilling equipment the service life.Therefore, the enlarge dynamics research and development has the proprietary intellectual property rights sea floating type oil drilling platform rising and falling compensation system, enters a sea deeper level to our country exploration development watershed. Keywords: offshore drilling platforms bit pressure passive form heave Compensation System drilling efficiency |
